The book presents cutting-edge research in the emerging fields of micro, nano and smart devices and systems from experts working in these fields over the last decade. Most of the contributors have built devices or systems or developed processes or algorithms in these areas. The book is a unique collection of chapters from different areas with a common theme and is immensely useful to academic researchers and practitioners in the industry who work in this field.

Ontology is the explicit, formal specification of shared conceptualization in a domain. It is one of the formal ways to represent knowledge. Semantically linking across ontologies is the basic backbone to ensure interoperability between agents or services. Moreover, ontology matching becomes a central issue, when building a Semantic Web, also known as "web of data." With the development of social networking web sites and linked data, huge amount of data is published on the web, which not only imposes new technology challenges over conventional ontology matching algorithms, but also demands new techniques for automatic instance level matching to support discovery and management of different individual descriptions referring to same real world object. OIM compares different individuals within same or across heterogeneous ontologies with the goal of recognizing same real world entity. This book presents an efficient and scalable ontology instance matching approach.

The studies carried out on the role of honey bee (Apis mellifera) in hybrid seed production of Brassica campestris showed the highest number of pollen and nectar collectors of Apis mellifera and were recorded 45.6 and 24.6 per square meter crop area of B campestris respectively during day hours of 12.00 to 2.00 pm, which were significantly greater than the rest of foraging observations. In bee pollinated plants, the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant and weight of 1000 seeds in BP plants were about 1.3, 1.1, 1.44, 1.53 and 1.62 times greater than NP plants, respectively. As such worker bees observed for foraging to collect the nectar and pollen after spraying of the insecticide i.e. Confidor 200 SL (Imidacloprid) in the concentration of 0.025g a.i., 0.030g a.i.and 0.035g a.i., but bee poisonong were neither observed in bee hive nor in field. During foraging, honey bees provide the opportunity for transference of pollen from male fertile to male sterile plant and resulted the production of hybrid seeds.

The study carried out on "Quantification of arthropod diversity on aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and management of its major sucking insect-pests" revealed association of a total of 31 arthropods with aonla plant. Among these, 5 belong to sap feeder, 6 defoliator, 2 each gall former and borer, 12 natural enemies, 3 pollinators and one other group of arthropod. Among sap feeders, defoliators, gall formers and borers, respectively, aphid (S. bougainvilliae), leaf binder (T. ziziphy), shoot gall maker (B. stylophora ), bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela sp.) as pest and among natural enemies, lady bird beetles were important.Three species of honeybees were observed visiting on aonla plants as pollinator. Out of 9 treatments including untreated check evaluated against aphid (S. bougainvilliae), imidacloprid @ 40 g a.i./ha was found most effective, however, it was at par with acephate 350g a.i./ha, ethion 40% +cypermethrin 5EC 0.03% and profenofos 50SL, 0.07% after 3 and 10 days of application.